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Pediatrics
Pediatrics is the branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical care of infants, children, and adolescents from birth up to the age of 18. Pediatricians diagnose and treat a variety of conditions ranging from minor illnesses to serious diseases. They monitor growth and development, provide vaccinations, and offer guidance on nutrition, safety, and general health. Pediatric care often includes specialized services for newborns, such as in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs).
Overview
Pediatrics involves medical care for infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatricians monitor growth, development, and general health, providing vaccinations and treating illnesses.
Diagnosis
- Growth charts: Tracking height, weight, and head circumference.
- Developmental screenings: Assessing milestones like speech, motor skills.
- Physical exams: Regular check-ups to monitor overall health.
- Laboratory tests: Blood tests, urine tests for diagnosing infections or conditions.
Symptoms
- Fever
- Cough and respiratory issues
- Rash or skin changes
- Gastrointestinal problems
- Behavioral changes or developmental delays
Prevention
- Vaccinations
- Regular well-child visits
- Education on nutrition and exercise
- Safety measures (car seats, helmets)
- Hygiene practices (handwashing)
Treatment
- Medications: Antibiotics, antivirals, and medications for chronic conditions.
- Therapies: Speech therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy.
- Lifestyle advice: Nutrition and exercise guidelines.
- Surgical interventions: When necessary, such as for congenital defects.