Elbow pain is often dismissed as a minor strain—until it begins interfering with simple daily tasks like lifting a cup of tea, typing on a keyboard, or shaking hands. Two of the most common causes of persistent elbow pain are tennis elbow and golfer’s elbow. Despite their sporty names, these conditions do not only affect athletes. In fact, the majority of patients diagnosed with these conditions in India are office workers, homemakers, factory workers, and individuals performing repetitive hand movements.
Understanding the difference between these two conditions is crucial for early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and long-term recovery. Though they affect opposite sides of the elbow, both are overuse injuries caused by repetitive strain on forearm muscles and tendons.
Let’s explore what sets them apart, why they occur, how to recognize them early, and the most effective treatment approaches available today.
What Is Tennis Elbow?
Tennis elbow, medically known as lateral epicondylitis, is inflammation or degeneration of the tendons that attach to the outer part of the elbow. These tendons connect forearm muscles responsible for extending the wrist and fingers.
When these muscles are overused repeatedly, tiny tears develop in the tendon. Over time, this leads to pain, weakness, and reduced grip strength.
Despite its name, only a small percentage of cases are related to playing tennis. More commonly, it affects:
- IT professionals typing for long hours
- Painters
- Plumbers
- Carpenters
- Individuals using tools frequently
- People lifting weights incorrectly
What Is Golfer’s Elbow?
Golfer’s elbow, or medial epicondylitis, affects the inner side of the elbow. It involves the tendons responsible for wrist flexion and gripping movements.
Just like tennis elbow, it is caused by repetitive strain. However, instead of pain on the outside of the elbow, patients feel discomfort on the inside.
It commonly affects:
- Cricket players
- Golfers
- Badminton players
- Weightlifters
- Tailors
- People who perform repetitive gripping tasks
In India, manual labor occupations contribute significantly to cases of golfer’s elbow.
Key Differences Between Tennis Elbow and Golfer’s Elbow
| Feature | Tennis Elbow | Golfer’s Elbow |
| Pain Location | Outer elbow | Inner elbow |
| Affected Tendons | Wrist extensors | Wrist flexors |
| Pain Trigger | Lifting with palm facing down | Gripping or flexing wrist |
| Common Population | Desk workers, racket players | Manual workers, golfers |
Although the mechanism is similar, the side of pain helps differentiate the two.
Causes and Risk Factors
1. Repetitive Motion
The primary cause in both conditions is repetitive hand, wrist, and forearm movement.
2. Poor Ergonomics
Improper workstation setup leads to strain in IT professionals and students.
3. Sports Technique Errors
Incorrect racket grip, improper golf swing, or overtraining increases tendon stress.
4. Age
Most cases occur between 30 and 50 years of age due to tendon wear and tear.
5. Sudden Increase in Activity
Starting a new fitness routine without gradual progression can trigger symptoms.
Symptoms to Watch For
Tennis Elbow Symptoms
- Pain on outer elbow
- Weak grip strength
- Difficulty lifting objects
- Pain while shaking hands
- Discomfort when extending wrist
Golfer’s Elbow Symptoms
- Inner elbow pain
- Tingling sensation in fingers (sometimes)
- Stiffness
- Pain while making a fist
- Weakness during gripping
Symptoms usually develop gradually and worsen if ignored.
How Are These Conditions Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is primarily clinical. A doctor evaluates:
- Pain location
- Range of motion
- Grip strength
- Tenderness
In persistent cases, imaging like X-rays or MRI may be advised to rule out other conditions.
Non-Surgical Treatment Options
Most cases improve with conservative management.
1. Rest and Activity Modification
Avoid activities that worsen pain. Complete immobilization is not recommended, but reducing strain is crucial.
2. Ice Therapy
Applying ice packs for 15–20 minutes reduces inflammation.
3. Physiotherapy
Stretching and strengthening exercises improve tendon resilience.
Common exercises include:
- Wrist extensor stretches
- Wrist flexor stretches
- Eccentric strengthening exercises
4. Bracing
Elbow straps redistribute pressure from affected tendons.
5. Anti-Inflammatory Medications
Short-term use helps manage pain.
6. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy
Used in chronic cases to stimulate tendon healing.
When Is Surgery Needed?
Surgery is rarely required and considered only when:
- Pain persists beyond 6–12 months
- Conservative treatment fails
- Significant tendon degeneration is present
Minimally invasive procedures are commonly performed when needed.
Prevention Strategies
Prevention focuses on reducing strain.
✔ Ergonomic Adjustments
- Maintain correct typing posture
- Use wrist support
- Keep screen at eye level
✔ Gradual Exercise Progression
Avoid sudden increase in training intensity.
✔ Proper Sports Technique
Use correct racket grip size and swing technique.
✔ Regular Stretching
Warm-up and cool-down routines protect tendons.
Recovery Timeline
Most patients recover within 6–12 weeks with proper care. Chronic cases may take several months.
Early Orthopedic treatment significantly shortens recovery time.
Impact on Daily Life
Untreated elbow pain can affect:
- Work performance
- Sleep quality
- Mental well-being
- Independence in daily tasks
Prompt care prevents long-term disability.
Conclusion
Tennis elbow and golfer’s elbow are common yet manageable conditions. Though they affect different sides of the elbow, both result from repetitive strain and overuse. Early recognition, rest, physiotherapy, and ergonomic corrections play a crucial role in recovery.
Ignoring symptoms often prolongs healing and increases the risk of chronic pain. With timely intervention and lifestyle adjustments, most individuals return to normal activities without surgery.
FAQ
1. How long does tennis elbow take to heal?
Most cases improve within 6–12 weeks with conservative treatment. Chronic cases may take longer.
2. Can I continue working with golfer’s elbow?
Yes, but activity modification and ergonomic correction are essential to prevent worsening.
3. Is physiotherapy necessary for elbow pain?
Yes. Guided exercises help strengthen tendons and reduce recurrence risk.